Like most others, I believed I was aware of the story of Hadrian’s Wall and the reasons behind it being built and by whom, mainly as it was part of my certificate in Archaeology in the 1990s, which required me to submit an essay as part of my successful module. Consequently, I had no reason to doubt the honesty of these ‘peer-reviewed’ publications to the authenticity of the information these eminent archaeologists and historians provided. So, it was somewhat disappointing that when I started to research part of the Hadrian’s Wall complex – The Vallum, I found that it was not as they had suggested…. In fact, it was totally wrong! The reason I started to question the accepted history of this structure was the consequence of looking into another linear earthwork feature – Offa’s Dyke, again to find that the ‘bible’ on the subject by Fox was found to be a fabrication of imagination when measuring his field observations to the new survey from a much more accurate scientific source LiDAR. Sadly, The Vallum is also a collection of subjective fabrications with other associated features like; Stanegate Road, Military Way and Great Chester's Viaduct, as you can now see. Robert John Langdon (2022)